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Friedrich Meinecke (October 20, 1862 – February 6, 1954) was a German historian, with Liberal and anti-semitic views, who supported the Nazi invasion of Poland. After World War II, as a representative of an older tradition, he criticized the Nazi regime, but continued to express anti-semitic prejudice.〔Germany: The Long Road West: Volume 2: 1933-1990 Heinrich August Winkler "But when it came to the Jews, Meinecke's thoughts reflected the same old anti-Semitic prejudices"〕〔The anti-enlightenment tradition, Zeev Sternhell Yale University 2010 Press, page 383〕 In 1948, he helped to found the Free University of Berlin, and remained an important figure to the end of his life. ==Life== Meinecke was born in Salzwedel in the Province of Saxony. He was educated at the University of Bonn and the University of Berlin. In 1887-1901 he worked as an archivist at the German State Archives. A professor at the University of Strasbourg, he served as editor of the journal ''Historische Zeitschrift'' between 1896 and 1935, and was the chairman of the ''Historische Reichskommission'' from 1928 to 1935. As a nationalist historian Meinecke didn't care very much for the desires of peoples in Eastern Europe,〔East European Quarterly, Tom 1 page 269 University of Colorado, 1967〕 and went as far as writing about "raw bestiality of the south Slavs",〔Friedrich Meinecke and German politics in the twentieth century - Page 20 Robert A. Pois〕 while favoring German expansionism into the East.〔The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945-1970 page 73〕 During the First World War he advocated removing Polish landowners from the Prussian provinces of West Prussia and Posen (which were acquired from Poland in the course of the Partitions of Poland) to Congress Poland; in addition he proposed German colonization of Courland after the expulsion of its Latvian population.〔Globalisation and the Nation in Imperial Germany Sebastian Conrad, page 175〕 Some authors have likened his views to support of ethnic cleansing.〔Telos - Issues 94-97 - Page 159 State University of New York at Buffalo. Graduate Philosophy Association - 1994〕 When the German Empire formulated the so-called Polish Border Strip plan – which called for annexation of a large swathe of land from Congress Poland and removal of millions of Poles and Jews to make room for German settlers – Meinecke welcomed this vision of mass expulsion of Poles with contentment.〔The German Empire, 1871-1918 Hans-Ulrich Wehler page 112-113.〕 Meinecke was best known for his work on 18th-19th century German intellectual and cultural history. The book that made his reputation was his 1908 work ''Weltbürgertum und Nationalstaat'' (Cosmopolitanism and the National State), which traced the development of national feelings in the 19th century. Starting with ''Die Idee der Staatsräson'' (1924), much of his work concerns the conflict between ''Kratos'' (power) and ''Ethos'' (morality), and how to achieve a balance between the two. One of his students was Heinrich Brüning, the future Chancellor. Under the Weimar Republic, Meinecke was a ''Vernunftsrepublikaner'' (republican by reason), someone who supported the republic as the least bad alternative. In 1918 he had been one of the founders of the German Democratic Party. Under the Third Reich, he had some sympathy for the regime, especially in regard to its early anti-semitic laws. After 1935, Meinecke fell into a state of semi-disgrace, and was removed as editor of the ''Historische Zeitschrift''. Though Meinecke remained in public a supporter of the Nazi regime, in private he became increasingly bothered by what he regarded as the violence and crudeness of the Nazis. Nevertheless he openly described himself as "antisemitic",〔The bourgeois Democrats of Weimar Germany page 12 Robert A. Pois - 1976 "Friedrich Meinecke, in his Erinnerungen, confessed to being a "rugged anti-Semite"〕 and while he was willing to have Jewish friends and colleagues, the Nazi persecution of Jews never bothered him much.〔Militarism, Imperialism, and Racial Accommodation: An Analysis and Interpretation of the Early Writings of Robert E. Park by Stanford M. Lyman page 146 University of Arkansas Press〕 After the Nazis invaded Poland in 1939 he praised this event in a letter to Siegfred August Kaehler, stating: "You will also have been delighted by this splendid campaign".〔The Quest for the Lost Nation: Writing History in Germany and Japan in the American Century (California World History Library) Sebastian Conrad page 48〕 Meinecke's best known book, ''Die Deutsche Katastrophe'' (The German Catastrophe) of 1946, sees the historian attempting to reconcile his lifelong belief in authoritarian state power with the disastrous events of 1933-45. His explanation for the success of National Socialism points to the legacy of Prussian militarism in Germany, the effects of rapid industrialisation and the weaknesses of the middle classes, though Meinecke also asserts that Hitlerism benefited from a series of unfortunate accidents, which had no connection with the earlier developments in German history. In the book Meinecke interprets National Socialism as an "alien force occupying Germany",〔Thinking about the Holocaust: After Half a Century Alvin H. Rosenfeld - 1997, page 169〕 while at the same time expressing anti-semitic prejudice towards the Jews.〔Germany: The Long Road West: Volume 2: 1933-1990 Heinrich August Winkler "But when it came to the Jews, Meinecke's thoughts reflected the same old anti-Semitic prejudices"〕 Meinecke claimed that Jews were responsible for their own misfortune and blamed them for the fall of liberalism; the German Catastrophe represented two classic themes of antisemitism; resentment based on Jewish economic activities and their alleged "character".〔The anti-enlightenment tradition, Zeev Sternhell Yale University 2010 Press, page 383〕 In 1948, Meinecke helped to found the Free University of Berlin. British historian E. H. Carr cites him as an example of a historian whose views are heavily influenced by the ''Zeitgeist'': liberal during the German Empire, discouraged during the interwar period, and deeply pessimistic after World War II. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Friedrich Meinecke」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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